Prompting AI Guide

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Sora ​

Overview ​

OpenAI introduces Sora, its new text-to-video AI model. Sora can create videos of up to a minute of realistic and imaginative scenes given text instructions.

Vision and Purpose ​

OpenAI reports that its vision is to build AI systems that understand and simulate the physical world in motion and train models to solve problems requiring real-world interaction.

Capabilities ​

Core Features ​

Sora can generate videos that maintain:

  • High visual quality
  • Strong adherence to user prompts
  • Complex scenes with multiple characters, different motion types, and backgrounds
  • Understanding of how elements relate to each other

Advanced Capabilities ​

  • Multiple shots within a single video
  • Persistence across characters and visual style
  • Extended duration (up to 1 minute)

Example Videos ​

Below are a few examples of videos generated by Sora:

Example 1: Tokyo Street Scene ​

Prompt: "A stylish woman walks down a Tokyo street filled with warm glowing neon and animated city signage. She wears a black leather jacket, a long red dress, and black boots, and carries a black purse. She wears sunglasses and red lipstick. She walks confidently and casually. The street is damp and reflective, creating a mirror effect of the colorful lights. Many pedestrians walk about."

Example 2: Space Adventure Trailer ​

Prompt: "A movie trailer featuring the adventures of the 30 year old space man wearing a red wool knitted motorcycle helmet, blue sky, salt desert, cinematic style, shot on 35mm film, vivid colors."

Video source: https://openai.com/sora

Methods ​

Architecture ​

Sora is reported to be a diffusion model that can:

  • Generate entire videos
  • Extend generated videos
  • Use Transformer architecture for scaling performance

Technical Approach ​

  • Video Representation: Videos and images are represented as patches (similar to tokens in GPT)
  • Unified System: Enables higher durations, resolution, and aspect ratios
  • Recaptioning Technique: Uses DALL·E 3 technique for better text instruction following
  • Image-to-Video: Can generate videos from given images for accurate animation

Limitations and Safety ​

Current Limitations ​

The reported limitations of Sora include:

  • Physics Simulation: Difficulty simulating realistic physics
  • Cause and Effect: Lack of understanding of cause and effect relationships
  • Spatial Details: Sometimes misunderstands spatial details and events described in prompts
  • Camera Trajectory: May not accurately follow camera movement instructions

Safety Measures ​

OpenAI reports that they are making Sora available to:

  • Red teamers to assess harms and capabilities
  • Creators for evaluation and feedback

Example Limitation ​

Prompt: "Step-printing scene of a person running, cinematic film shot in 35mm."

Video source: https://openai.com/sora

Try It Out ​

Find more examples of videos generated by the Sora model here: https://openai.com/sora

Key Takeaways ​

  1. Revolutionary Technology: First high-quality text-to-video model from OpenAI
  2. Extended Duration: Up to 1 minute of video generation
  3. Complex Scenes: Handles multiple characters, motion types, and backgrounds
  4. Advanced Architecture: Diffusion model with Transformer scaling
  5. Image-to-Video: Can animate still images
  6. Current Limitations: Physics simulation, cause-and-effect understanding
  7. Safety Focus: Available to red teamers and creators for evaluation